AL-HIKMAH MANAGEMENT REVIEW

EFFECT OF ECONOMIC RECESSION ON RETIREES: A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW OF PENSION PROVISIONS PRA, 2014

amr amr — 2021-11-01

About two decades away from the implementation of the New Pension Act 2004 and the repealed Act 2014 as amended subjected the living conditions of older persons (retirees) in Nigeria to a more deteriorated and eroding status due to economic hardship and purchasing power largely attributed to the value of the Naira, particularly on the care forthe old-age.The study specifically looked at sections 3 (Establishment of contributory pension scheme 2014 as Amended), 4 (Rate of contribution to the scheme) and 7(Retirement benefits). Relevant provisions under the PRAct, 2014 with particular reference to the sections 3,4 and 7 were reviewed having also considered relevant literatures with respect to period under economic recession and the effects of it on retirees. Content Analysis was adopted to enable proffer suggestions and recommendations on the study. The study concluded that it has been established that economic recession once hit, effects retiree benefits through the instrumentality of the PFA’s. The study suggests that sections 4(2) and 7 of PRA Act, 2014 be reviewed legislatively as a result of frequent entry of Nigeria into recession which posit economic hardship akin to inflation and the value of the naira.

THEMATIC EVALUATION OF RISK TAKING PROPENSITY AND SALES PERFORMANCE OF FEMALE OWNED BUSINESSES IN KWARA STATE.

amr amr — 2021-11-01

The emerging field of women entrepreneurship in the 21^st century has brought about issues regarding the risk taking propensity of the female folk. Risk taking entails acting boldly without knowing the consequences. It is the firm knowingly devoting the resources to projects with chances of high returns but may also entail a possibility of higher failure. The study thematically examined risk taking and sales performance among female owned businesses in Kwara State. The study adopted an ethnographical survey of female owned fashion businesses which were purposively selected. It was concluded that female fashion designers take calculated risks and to try new products and ideas, while they emphasized on exploration and experimentation of new ideas/equipment of which they cannot guarantee result. It is therefore recommended that, female fashion designers need to be cautious on their line of action, even if some opportunities might be lost that way. There should be regular engagement in high risk business activities which can enhance their business performance.

THE ROLE OF COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES ON SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA

amr amr — 2021-11-01

The study examined the roles of cooperative societies on the growth and development of Small and Medium Scale Enterprise in Nigeria. Using a questionnaire technique, the study posits that despite SMEs are keys to Nigeria’s growth; development and prosperity at large but it is observed that past effort by government towards promoting SMEs has not yielded meaningful result. Cooperative societies from their antecedents have contributed significantly to the development of SME because theyare in themselves small scale businesses. Cooperatives have promoted small business development through funding; provision of entrepreneurship; promotion and establishment of small scale industries; promotion of small holder farmers; etc. But in spite of these efforts the paper further observes that; cooperative sector is faced with several challenges that includes; inadequate funds; illiteracy among its members; lack of training/educational opportunities which make it difficult for cooperatives to contribute maximally in business promotion activities; etc. The study conc hiludes that more could be achieved if efforts are intensified to address these challenges. Reform of the cooperative policy framework; capacity building to address problems associated with management and leadership skills in cooperative societies and need to strengthen the cooperative governance system.

EMPLOYEE’S PERCEPTION ON WAGES AND SALARY IN CHRONICLES FOOD CONCEPTILORIN METROPOLIS

amr amr — 2021-11-01

This study examined perception of worker’s on wages and salary on employee’s productivity in Chronicle Food Concept Ilorin Metropolis. The basis behind the study is to find out whether wages, salary and employee perception (high & Low wages) can influenceworker’s productivity. Expectancy theory was reviewed in this study. The methodology employed for this study is quantitative (probit); non- probability sampling technique was employed for the study population (20)primary data were collected through questionnaire administration to the respondent using purposive sampling. The analysis was conducted using regression, spssversion, 23 were tools employed to analyze the data, however, findings reveal that wages and salary influence worker’sproductivity in service industry in Ilorin metropolis. therefore, the study concluded that there should be an increase in wages and salary to enhancedperformance and change worker’s perception of low wages to high wages which will in-turn improved effectiveness and efficiency of workers.

AN EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT ON PERFORMANCE OF DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA

amr amr — 2021-11-01

For a 10-year period, this study looked at the impact of credit risk management on the financial performance of Nigeria's quoted deposit money banks (2011-2020). The data for the study came from 13 deposit money institutions' annual reports and financial statements. Loan to deposit ratio, credit risk, capital adequacy risk, and solvency risk were used to measure credit risk management, while return on assets was used to measure financial performance. Statistical approaches were used for both descriptive and inferential purposes.Cross tabulations, mean, regression, and correlation analyses were used with the help of the SPSS and E-views computer programmes. Loan to deposit ratio, credit risk, and capital adequacy risk have no influence on return on assets, whereas solvency risk and company size have a positive significant effect on return on assets, according to the data. Furthermore, credit risk management has no discernible impact on financial performance (P 0.05).As a result, the study recommends that bank management create a proper credit risk environment, sound credit granting processes, appropriate credit administration, measurement, monitoring, and control over credit risk, as well as policies and strategies that clearly summarize the scope and allocation of bank credit facilities, as well as the approach in which a credit portfolio is managed. Credit risk management should also be encouraged and ingrained in Nigerian banks in order to maintain performance growth.

DYNAMICS OF PSYCHOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN TOP MANAGEMENT HETEROGENEITY TEAM AS A DECOY TO NO-JOB CLASSIFICATION

amr amr — 2021-11-01

The level of psychographic variation within a given top management team heterogeneity often accounts for its success. However, given the prevalence of literatures on top management team heterogeneity, little focus had been given to psychographic analysis aspect of top management team heterogeneity. Therefore, this paper sought to review the neglect of this important aspect of modern work fare as top management team heterogeneity had become in the global space. Employment of three by three matrixes to evaluate the previous revelations in the research using regression and correlation analyses were employed for this study. It is affirmatively concluded that given other things been equal a deepening well varied psychographic variants top management team heterogeneity shall surpass the other teams not so blessed.

DETERMINANTS OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN NIGERIA – A PROBIT ESTIMATION TECHNIQUE APPROACH

amr amr — 2021-11-01

This study examines the determinants of financial inclusion in Nigeria using probit estimation technique on three models: account ownership, borrow or not to borrow and save or not to save. There was a synergy in the outcome of the estimation in which the study established that financial inclusion is driven by individual-level variables such as gender, age, literacy, income, employment status and documentation as well as that of country-level variables such as information technology, automated teller machine and business freedom. Of these results gender, age, literacy, income, and employment status, as well as that of country-level variables such as information technology, automated teller machine and business freedom, are positively related to financial inclusion in Nigeria. On the other end, documentation, rural and gross domestic product per capita are all negatively related to financial inclusion in Nigeria. From this study, it is recommended that the government should support the expansion of delivery channels by banks that reach out to marginalised and unbanked rural areas, without the increasing banks costs. By this, financial innovations such as agency banking and mobile banking would be established to increase access to financial products by the general populace. The government should also encourage the use of know your customers (KYC) which does not require a lot of documentation or against the anti-money laundering framework, which may be detrimental to the whole financial system. Finally, policies favouring financial inclusion should also be targeted towards women and young people.

IMPACT OF CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STYLES ON EMPLOYEES’PERFORMANCE IN SELECTED ORGANIZATIONS IN THE NORTHERN REGION OF GHANA

amr amr — 2021-11-01

Conflict is an integral part of work life and an essential aspect of organisations, since almost every individual, organization and even country has had some experience with, or involvement in conflict situations. The study examined the effect of collaborating and accomodating conflict management styles on employee productivity and career growth in District Assemblies of Northern Ghana. The population of the study composed of 1,048 staff of selected district, municipal and metroplotan assemblies in the Northern Region of Ghana. Multistage sampling techniques was adopted.Regrssion analysis was applied and two hypotheses were tested and the alternate hypotheses were supported by the analysis. The study found that the collaboarting and accomodating styles are essentially required in leveraging employee productivity and career growth and development in the selected organization. The study recommended that training prograames should be organized for both manageent and non management staff of the selected organizationsto sharpen their skills on how to manage conflict.It further recommended that district assemblies in Northern Region of Ghana should adopt collaborating styles to increase productivity and accomodating styles in dealing with staff issues. Finally it recommended that government should professionalize conflict management in public service in Ghana by enacting comprehensive policies that make top managers imbibe the spirit of consultation and selflessness.

PRINCIPALS INNOVATIVE STYLES OF LEADERSHIP FOR ACHIEVING EDUCATIONAL GOALS IN NIGERIAN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

amr amr — 2021-11-01

Leadership is seen as an effective strategy for achieving goals in Nigerian Secondary Schools. One of the important factors in realizing organizational objectives is good leadership. In view of the foregoing, this study examined the concept of leadership, and various types of leadership involved in an organization viz-a-viz: autocratic leadership; democratic leadership, transformational leadership, Bureaucratic Leadership, charismatic leadership and laissez-faire leadership styles. Furthermore, the study described the leadership style suitable for different organization most especially secondary schools. The study concludes that leader must have the ability to delegate, communicate, sense of humor, confidence, commitment. The study recommends among others that leaders must improve the administration of secondary school level, job satisfaction, increase productivity of teachers and increase in the school output. Lastly, a good leader must create favorable working condition with a view to achieve school goals.

RISK MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION AMONG FARMERS IN ILORIN METROPOLIS

amr amr — 2021-11-01

This study was undertaken to identify and analyze the risks faced by farmers in Ilorin metropolis and the types of agricultural insurance taken against these risks.The main objective of this study is to understand the method and process farmers take to reduce risk in Ilorin metropolis Therefore, seven research questions and four null hypotheses were raised for study. Based on these, an interview schedule was designed to gather relevant data and information. The respondents were 58 accidentally selected farmers with projects in poultry, crop growing, fish farming market - gardening and mixture of two of the above. The responses of the farmers were analyzed both descriptively and inferentially. The seven research questions were answered using frequencies, percentages and rankings. The four null hypotheses were tested with t-test and chi-square. from the analysis, it was found that: (i) many of the farmers (58%) were highly educated; and werein the middle age bracket of 25-40 years (66%); (ii) the researcher discovered that some (33%) of the farmers combined livestock and crop farming; therefore, there were five categories of farming: crop, poultry, fish, market gardening and mixed; (iii) the major agricultural risks were: diseases, floods, deaths of animal, theft, embezzlement; (price fluctuations and failure of investment). the five major reasons why farmers did not take insurance included: taking agricultural insurance being complicated, long-drawn out process and the small-scale nature of project making premium payments difficult for farmers. the four major benefits of agricultural insurance for the farmers in Ilorin metropolis included: security of investment and cushioning the shock of losses. Crop farmers were significantly more affected by economic risks. Livestock farmers took significantly more agricultural insurance than crop farmers. The study therefore recommends that it is important that farmers enroll in insurance program that can help mitigate their losses in case of uncertainties.

CONTINGENCY FACTORS AND PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM OF LISTED MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN NIGERIA

amr amr — 2021-11-01

This study examined the influence of contingency factors on performance measurement system of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria, these contingency factors are; organisational strategy, organisational culture, leadership style, external environment, and employees training. These factors are said to be conditioned variables that help organization to survive and become sustainable by aiding performance measurement system, in order to facilitate the overall organizational performance. Different studies have examined general factors in the past on performance measurement system of organizations; however this study focused more directly on manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Data were collected through a self- administered survey of 168 respondents from listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria, and analysis was done using PLS-SEM. The target respondents were accountants, auditors and managers of the sampled organizations. The main finding of this study was that leadership style of an organization has the highest influence on performance measurement system. More so, organizational culture, employee training and external environment all equally influenced performance measurement system of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Although, organizational strategy was found not significant, the implication of this result showed that organizations must have quality leadership to direct the affairs of an organization and lastly, organizations must imbibe on good culture to positively influence the performance of the organizations.

SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE CONFECTIONERY INDUSTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN ADAMAWA STATE-NIGERIA

amr amr — 2021-11-01

The consequences of confectionery industries’ activities on the environment leave the environment fairlypoor. These events originate by the discharge of waste as well as mining. Environmental degradation has been and continues to be a major factor causing damage to the environment, which affects the environmental productivity. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of the activities of small and medium scale confectionery enterprise on environmental quality in Adamawa state with specific reference to bakeries. The structured questionnaireswas administered on sample of one hundred and fifty (150) members of the public and fifty (50) workers of bakery industries from Mubi and Yola metropolis respectively to obtain data for the study. The data was subjected to percentage (%) analysis and the Z-test to analyse and test the hypotheses respectively. The result signifies that the bakery’s’ operators in Adamawa State are not aware of environmental laws and policies; majority of those who claimed to be aware of such laws and policies do not comply with them. They are more concerned with profit maximization than environmental protection. The study recommends that environmental impacts assessment should be made compulsory for industries whose operations have negative environmental impacts. In addition, training programs such as lectures and seminar on environmental management should be organized for the owners and employees of such industries. Wide public relation/publicity should be given to available environmental laws and policies in the state.

MODELLING STRATEGIC HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT TO ATTAIN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF NESTLÉ, NIGERIA PLC

amr amr — 2021-11-01

This research sought to investigate various variables that may be considered as best practices in the process of strategic human capital management. This is because of the need of businesses to acquire sustainable development with the dynamic nature and changes in the business environment. Factors such as the covid-19 pandemic have stimulated changes in the market and some businesses are having a hard time adapting and maintaininga competitive edge.The research employed a descriptive research design to source findings on the tested hypothesis that involved four variables; selective recruitment, fair compensation, appropriatetraining, and employee security. The paper also described the applicability relationship of the role of these variables in ensuring smooth organizational operations during the covid-19 pandemic. The findings indicated that hiring experienced and qualified candidates, health security for employees, appropriate training and fair compensation has been key in maintaining organizational sustainability.The target populationere 5 managerial employees and 100 operational employees for the organization to justify the findings information from secondary sources which was used to support the findings. The discussion detailed the critical role that these variables play in enabling strategic human capital management which is concluded as the best approach to sustainable development. Findings showed that strategic human capital management is employed throughout the whole lifecycle of an employee and in order to increase the productivity of training employees with respective programs was recommended.